DIGESTIVE DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN: WHEN ARE THEY TEMPORARY — AND WHEN DO THEY REQUIRE MEDICAL EVALUATION?

During extended holidays and festive periods, children often experience sudden changes in daily routines and dietary habits. With an immature and still-developing digestive system, children may have difficulty adapting in a short time, making them more prone to symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, constipation, or diarrhea during and after the holidays.

As a result, many parents wonder:
Are these symptoms merely temporary digestive disturbances related to holiday eating and lifestyle changes, or could they indicate an underlying gastrointestinal condition that requires early medical attention?

In today’s article, MSc, MD. Su Thi Nhu Ngoc, Pediatric Specialist at CarePlus International Clinics, helps parents accurately recognize their child’s condition and choose appropriate care strategies during long holiday periods.

I. COMMON DIGESTIVE ISSUES IN CHILDREN

1. Postprandial bloating and indigestion

This is the most common condition during holidays, especially after meals rich in protein and fat or when eating irregularly.

Common contributing factors include:

• Overeating or consuming large amounts in a short time

• High-fat foods that slow gastric emptying

• Introduction of unfamiliar foods compared to the child’s usual diet

As a result, food remains longer in the stomach and intestines, leading to bloating, delayed digestion, epigastric discomfort, sometimes accompanied by belching or nausea. Children may eat less than usual but typically do not show signs of infection or serious illness.

2. Transient abdominal pain

Abdominal pain related to temporary digestive disturbances often has the following characteristics:

• Mild to moderate intensity

• Occurs intermittently in short episodes

• Commonly localized around the umbilical area

• Often associated with meals

This condition is usually linked to temporary alterations in intestinal motility or increased gastrointestinal sensitivity due to high intake of fatty or sugary foods, or changes in the child’s living environment. Most children remain active and playful, with pain that does not persist or occur continuously.

3. Mild, short-term diarrhea

Not all cases of diarrhea during holidays are caused by infections. Many children experience mild diarrhea due to temporary digestive disturbances associated with:

• Excessive consumption of sweets, soft drinks, or fruit juices leading to carbohydrate overload

• Eating large meals after periods of reduced intake

• Sudden dietary changes compared to normal routines

Typical features include:

• Loose stools fewer than 3 times per day

• No fever or signs of dehydration

• No mucus or blood in the stool

Symptoms usually improve within 1–2 days once diet and daily habits are adjusted.

4. Constipation

Constipation is very common during and after holidays, especially in children with a history of constipation, due to multiple contributing factors:

• Inadequate fluid intake

• Increased consumption of dry foods and snacks, with low intake of vegetables and dietary fiber

• Reduced physical activity

• Changes in bowel habits (timing and environment)

Prolonged constipation can cause bloating, abdominal pain, reduced appetite, and may lead to fear of defecation, worsening the condition if not addressed early.

II. WHEN TO MONITOR AT HOME — AND WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL CARE

Home monitoring is appropriate if:

• Symptoms are mild

• Symptoms occur in the context of dietary and lifestyle changes

• The child remains alert and functions normally

• No high fever or persistent vomiting

• No weight loss or signs of dehydration

• Symptoms gradually improve with regular meals, good hygiene, increased fluid intake, and adequate dietary fiber

Prompt medical evaluation is recommended if the child has:

• Persistent or severe abdominal pain, worsening pain, or pain occurring at night

• Frequent vomiting or poor oral intake

• Prolonged diarrhea, bloody or mucoid stools, or black stools

• Severe constipation accompanied by abdominal pain or vomiting

• Marked fatigue or significant loss of appetite

• Weight loss

• High fever or overall deterioration in general condition

These signs may suggest an underlying organic gastrointestinal disorder that requires professional assessment and management.

ADVICE FOR PARENTS

Parents should maintain regular meal schedules and choose safe, age-appropriate foods, avoiding overfeeding. Ensure adequate hydration and increase the intake of vegetables and fruits in daily meals.

Do not administer digestive medications or antibiotics without medical advice. If a child shows concerning or persistent symptoms, seek medical evaluation promptly for appropriate guidance and follow-up care.